Napoleonic Wars Timeline

The Battle of Marengo was fought on June 14, 1800, between the French army under the command of Napoleon Bonaparte and the Austrian army led by General Michael von Melas. The battle took place near the town of Marengo in northern Italy. After an intense day-long battle, the French emerged victorious, securing a key victory that consolidated Napoleon's power and dominance in Italy.

The Battle of Trafalgar was a naval engagement fought by the British Royal Navy and the combined fleets of the French and Spanish Navies during the Napoleonic Wars. The battle took place on 21 October 1805 off the coast of Cape Trafalgar in Spain. It was the most significant naval battle of the war, resulting in a decisive victory for the British forces under the command of Admiral Lord Nelson, but with the loss of his life.

The Battle of Austerlitz was fought between the French army commanded by Emperor Napoleon and the combined forces of the Russian and Austrian armies. It took place on December 2, 1805, near the village of Austerlitz in what is now the Czech Republic. The French army achieved a decisive victory, forcing the Russian and Austrian armies to retreat. The battle is considered one of Napoleon's greatest victories and marked the beginning of the end for the Third Coalition against France.

The Battle of Jena-Auerstedt was fought on October 14, 1806, during the War of the Fourth Coalition of the Napoleonic Wars. The battle took place near the towns of Jena and Auerstedt in present-day Germany. It was a significant victory for the French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte and resulted in the defeat of the Prussian army. The battle marked the beginning of French dominance on the European continent and the decline of Prussian military power.

The Battle of Wagram was fought between the French Empire and the Austrian Empire on July 5-6, 1809. It was the largest battle of the Napoleonic Wars and resulted in a decisive victory for the French forces, led by Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte. The battle took place near the town of Wagram, in modern-day Austria, and involved over 300,000 soldiers. The French army was able to defeat the larger Austrian army by using superior tactics and coordination, including a flanking maneuver that disrupted the Austrian lines. The victory at Wagram solidified Napoleon's position as the dominant power in Europe and forced Austria to sign the Treaty of Schönbrunn, which ended the Fifth Coalition against France and resulted in territorial gains for the French Empire.

The Battle of Salamanca was fought on July 22, 1812, during the Peninsular War. It was a decisive battle between the British-Portuguese army commanded by General Arthur Wellesley, also known as the Duke of Wellington, and the French army commanded by Marshal Auguste Marmont. The battle ended in a victory for the British-Portuguese army, leading to the retreat of the French forces and the liberation of Madrid. The Battle of Salamanca is considered one of the greatest victories of the Duke of Wellington and a turning point in the Peninsular War.

The Battle of Borodino was a significant battle fought between the French army led by Emperor Napoleon and the Russian army under Field Marshal Mikhail Kutuzov. It took place on September 7, 1812, near the village of Borodino in the Russian Empire. The battle was part of the French invasion of Russia during the Napoleonic Wars. It was the largest and bloodiest single-day action of the campaign, resulting in heavy casualties on both sides. Although the Russian army retreated, the French victory at Borodino did not lead to the decisive outcome Napoleon had hoped for and ultimately did not secure his control over Russia.

The Battle of Leipzig, also known as the Battle of Nations, was fought from October 16 to October 19, 1813, during the Napoleonic Wars. It was the largest battle in Europe prior to World War I and marked a turning point in the conflict. The battle was fought between the French Empire under the command of Napoleon Bonaparte and an allied coalition of European powers, including Russia, Prussia, Austria, and Sweden. The coalition forces were able to defeat the French army and push Napoleon back, leading to a decline in his power and eventual exile.

The Battle of Waterloo was fought on June 18, 1815, near the town of Waterloo in present-day Belgium. It was the final battle of the Napoleonic Wars and resulted in the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte, ending his rule as Emperor of the French. The opposing forces were the French army, commanded by Napoleon, and the Allied armies, led by the Duke of Wellington and Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher. The battle was a turning point in European history, ending more than 20 years of war and weakening France's dominance on the continent.

The Treaty of Amiens was signed on March 25, 1802, between the French Republic and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. It marked the end of the French Revolutionary Wars and the beginning of a short period of peace between the two nations. The treaty recognized the French government under Napoleon Bonaparte and restored several colonies, territories, and weapons captured during the war.